Diabetes & Amputation

Diabetes, when present in the body over many years, can give rise to all sorts of complications. These include heart disease, kidney disease, retinopathy and neuropathy. If left untreated, some of these complications can become extremely damaging to the body. One of the most potentially serious complications regards neuropathy, which at its most severe can lead to amputation.

Diabetes is one the leading causes of amputation of the lower limbs throughout the world. Problems of the foot are the most frequent reasons for hospitalisation amongst patients who have diabetes.

Many hospital visits due to diabetes-related foot problems are preventable through simple foot care routines. All people who have diabetes should have foot check-ups as a part of their regular care routine.

Doctors estimate that almost half of all amputations are caused by neuropathy and circulatory problems that could be prevented.

Are diabetes-related amputations much more common than other types of amputation?

Amongst people who have diabetes, amputations are reported to be 15 times more common than amongst other people. 50 per cent of all amputations occur in people who have diabetes.

What factors lead to amputation?

Several key factors usually predispose ulceration and ultimately amputation. These include peripheral neuropathy, vascular disease, infection and deformity of the feet.

How are these factors assessed?

All people who have diabetes should have a basic education in foot care, and beyond this they should have regular foot examinations. The risk for the development of ulceration can be assessed by basic clinical examination of the foot.

What are major and minor amputations?

Amputations in general, not just diabetes-related amputations, are classed as major and minor. Minor amputation regards removal or toes or feet. Major amputation refers to the above or below the knee amputation.

Does age influence diabetes and amputation?

Diabetic foot complications are more common amongst the elderly, and amputation rates do increase with age. For people over 75 years old, the risk does increase considerably.

How do diabetic foot ulcers heal?

For diabetes-related foot ulcers to heal properly, adequate blood supply is essential. Insufficient flow of blood can contribute to a prolonged non-healing of the foot. Foot ischaemia is a major contributory factor to many amputations.